Guide to FS Open on Linux

Introduction

This page will guide you through compilation and installation of FS2_open, using the CVS code, along with the data files. Please note that if you don't manage to build the CVS (or don't want to), binaries will be found on this thread (no 3.6.9 linux binary yet as of this writing, but they should arrive soon). You'll need probably need to read on anyway (how to get data files, starting the games, dealing with i18n issues...), but ignore what's related to building your own binary.

If you don't want to use CVS, but can't find a suitable binary, you can download an almost current (3.6.9-RC8) source release here : http://fs2source.warpcore.org/exes/linux/fs2_open-3.6.9-RC8.tar.bz2

Also, Turey wrote a cross-platform installer (in java), which is able to download all you need for running FS2_Open except the binary (retail files, MediaVP, movies...). It can be found here : [Freespace Open Installer]. It's far more easier than extracting the data files from the retail CDs (see below). // Linux binaries will be put into the Installer once taylor posts linux binaries 3.6.9 Final

There is even work in progress on a linux launcher that you may want to try : [Linux launcher] (this is different from the upcoming new launcher which will be used in 3.7 fs2_open release) // The links in the thread are currently dead, but let's hope that will be resolved soon.

Installing CVS

CVS stands for Concurrent Versions System and is a version control system used to record the changes in documents, such as source files. Developers use CVS so they can easily share their code changes among other developers. Be aware that when you use CVS, you use the most up-to-date code : It may or may not be better than a release. It may be worse, less stable, or not even compile. This is work in progress.

You will need this tool to download ("checkout" in CVS terminology) fs2_open from the CVS server.

Debian/Ubuntu users want to:

$ apt-get install cvs

Gentoo users want to:

$ emerge -a cvs

Novell SuSE users install CVS via YaST.

Archlinux users want to:

$ pacman -Sy cvs

Fedora Core 6 (Zod) (And most likely Redhat) users want to:

# yum install cvs

Mandriva users want to:

# urpmi cvs

Installing the necessary development libraries

You will also need SDL, OpenAL, libvorbis, libtheora and OpenGL(most likely provided with your video card driver) development packages. And of course the GNU Compiler Collection and required make tools.
Debian/Ubuntu users want to:

$ apt-get install libopenal-dev libvorbis-dev build-essential automake1.9 autoconf libsdl-dev libtheora-dev

Fedora Core 6 (Zod) users (and most likely Redhat users too) want to:

# yum install openal-devel libvorbis-devel gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf SDL-devel libtheora-devel

Gentoo users want to:

$ emerge -a openal libvorbis libsdl libtheora

Mandriva users want to:

urpmi libsdl-devel libopenal-devel libvorbis-devel libtheora-devel gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf

Note : on other distributions, you'll need theora as well, so the information for Archlinux and SuSe below is outdated. if someone knows the exact package name, please edit !

Novell SuSE users just install the mentioned packages and the devel-packages via YaST. If this works don't read further. SuSE maybe has some dependency problems with the game TORCS, i.e. its special version of OpenAL, so you have to make a choice. If you still want to run FS2 open, go on here http://www.hard-light.net/wiki/index.php/Fs2_open_on_Linux#Compile_Errors

Archlinux users want to:

$ pacman -S freealut libvorbis sdl

Installing game data files

This tutorial deals primarily with providing you with an executable, but in order to play the game you also need the game data. Freespace 2 game data is available from a number of sources, see this thread: http://www.hard-light.net/forums/index.php/topic,38195.0.html (or use Turey's installer, see above for a link)

Note that if you use the retail CD, you'll need to extract the files and to copy them on your drive, reproducing the same layout as in a working win32 installation (just make sure every file is lowercase). This thread on the SCP forum has some more info on it : http://scp.indiegames.us/forum_viewtopic.php?3.282

There are two ways of doing this :

• use wine to install the game in the right directory, using the Setup.exe found on the first CD, or
• extract manually the files from the cd.

The second method is detailed below. The wine one is straightforward and you shouldn't need any specific instruction, but you'll have to fix permissions and lowercase the filename as well, so keep reading.

Extracting data from CD

Installing unshield

First, you need unshield from http://synce.sourceforge.net/synce/unshield.php

If you use debian, apt-get install unshield as root should do the trick. Else, try to find a package for your distribution, or if you don't, compile it yourself following the instructions provided on the website. Note you don't need to actually install it, just compile it and use it from the directory where you compiled it.

Preparing directories

• Create a directory for fs2_open, say, /usr/local/games/fs2_open, with a data/movies and data/players subdirectories. Everything but user files and configuration will be in this directory. You'll probably need to be root or use sudo for most of the following commands if you use a global directory like the one in this example.

~ $ mkdir -p /usr/local/games/fs2_open/data/movies /usr/local/games/fs2_open/data/players

Extracting files

• Use unshield to extract the groups from data1.cab (on the first cd) to a temporary directory; then move the files in your game directory :

~ $ mkdir /tmp/fs2
~ $ for group in "Basic Install Files" "Intel Anims" "Music Compressed" "High Res Files"; do unshield -d /tmp/fs2/ -g "$group" -L -j x /mnt/cdrom/data1.cab; done; mv -v /tmp/fs2/*/* /home/data/jeux/fs2_open
~ $ unshield -d /tmp/fs2/ -g "Hud Config Files" -L -j x /mnt/cdrom/data1.cab && mv -v /tmp/fs2/hud_config_files/* /usr/local/games/fs2_open/data/players

• From both the second and third CDs, get the vp files and the movies files.

~ $ cp -vf *.vp /usr/local/games/fs2_open
~ $ cp -vf *.MVE /usr/local/games/fs2_open/data/movies/

You may notice that some files are on all three CD; this is because the game was meant to be run with the CD in the drive. Don't worry, a copy of such a file from any of the 3 CDs will work.

Fixing Case and permissions

• You have to make sure everything is lowercase :

~ $ for file in `find /usr/local/games/fs2_open/`; do mv $file `echo $file | sed 's/\([A-Z]\)/\l\1/g'`; done

• Then, fix permissions :

~ $ find /usr/local/games/fs2_open -type d -exec chmod a+rx '{}' \;
~ $ find /usr/local/games/fs2_open -type f -exec chmod a+r '{}' \;

Using the source

CVS Checkout

Before you begin, make sure you have write permissions on your current working directory. Your /home/user/ directory is a pretty sure bet. I recommend that you create a permanent /home/user/src directory from which you run the CVS command, this way CVS will only update the files changed the next time you download the source and it's always nice to have things organized.

Now get the source. Run from a terminal:

$ cvs -d:pserver:anonymous:[email protected]:/home/fs2source/cvsroot login

and then

$ cvs -z3 -d:pserver:[email protected]:/home/fs2source/cvsroot co fs2_open

The first cvs command tells the CVS tool to first use a password file for authentication (pserver), that you are user "anonymous" with the password "anonymous" who wants to access warpcore.org's CVS repository "/home/fs2source/cvsroot" and login. The second command tells the CVS server on which we are now connected to that we want to checkout (co) the fs2_open module.

Checkout Script

You can use this script to simplify your checkouts, don't forget to chmod +x it.

#!/bin/bash
CVS="cvs -d:pserver:anonymous:[email protected]:/home/fs2source/cvsroot"
MODULE="fs2_open"
BRANCH="${*}"

${CVS} co -d ${BRANCH} -r ${BRANCH} ${MODULE}

Run the script from a terminal and add the branch you wish to checkout,

./the_script fs2_open_3_6_9

or if you want the latest, and probably the most unstable,

./the_script HEAD

Pre-Compile Configuration

Before you compile you need to configure it for your system. In the directory you ran the CVS command from, a new directory has appear, namely fs2_open. If your fs2_open is a completely new checkout, you will first need to run the autogen.sh script. Run from inside your newly created fs2_open directory:

$ ./autogen.sh

autogen.sh is a script that will generate the required makefiles. You will see alot of "checking for this" and "checking for that", this is actually the "configure" script (which can be run with ./configure if you need to change the options) examining and configuring fs2_open for your system.
It is possible to give autogen.sh configure options as well, autogen.sh will pass them along to configure.

A full list of configure options can be found by running the configure script with the '--help' option.

$ ./configure --help

Optimizing fs2_open

Optimizing fs2_open might have little or no effect, or improve performance greatly, I honestly have no clue.
A note of caution, if you are compiling a debug build, don't use the -fomit-frame-pointer CFLAG, it will make debugging impossible.
You can specify your compiler flags with the configure script, se below.

$ ./configure CFLAGS="<your desired flags>"

If you got a Athlon-XP and want to play it safe, a good set of CFLAGS would be

$ ./configure CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O3 -pipe -fomit-frame-pointer"

You should read up on CFLAGS and what they do before trying anything. I recommend you read through these links.
http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.4.1/gcc/Optimize-Options.html
http://linuxreviews.org/howtos/compiling/safe-cflags/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFLAGS

Compiling

Run from within your fs2_open directory:

$ make

Sit back and enjoy gcc work its magic.

Compile Script

It's a lot easier to use a scripts when dealing with constantly changing code. Copy and save this to a suitably named file like "compile-fs2_open", and make it executable with the command, chmod +x <name of file>

#!/bin/bash
CFLAGS="-march=athlon-xp -O2 -pipe"
CFLAGS="${CFLAGS} -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-ident"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS} -fvisibility-inlines-hidden"
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--sort-common"

if [ -e ./${*} ]; then
        cd ${*}
        if [ -e ./Makefile.in ]; then
                make clean
                ./configure CFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}" LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
                make
                else
                ./autogen.sh CFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" CXXFLAGS="${CXXFLAGS}" LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS}"
                make
        fi
fi

You can add your options to the ./configure line. You need to give the script the fs2_open source directory, like this:

$ ./compile-fs2_open fs2_open

This makes it easier to deal with multiple source directories.

Using the Binaries

When the compile is done and if all went well, a binary executable will reside in the code directory fs2_open_r or fs2_open_d if you configured for a debug build. Copy the binary to directory where Freespace2 is installed, and you're all set to go.

Post-Compile Configuration

Changing Your Resolution

Odds are, you'll want to run fs2_open in a higher resolution than the default 640x480. Unfortunately, we Linux users don't have the swank launcher app that the Windows folks do. Instead, we'll be making a couple line changes to a config file. You will need to run fs2_open once before you can make the necessary changes, otherwise you won't have a configuration directory to work with.

Open up ~/.fs2_open/fs2_open.ini with the text editor of your choice (vi, EMACS, kwrite, gedit). You'll see something like the following:

[Default]
VideocardFs2open=OGL -(640x480)x16 bit
LastPlayer=MonkeyboyS
GammaD3D=1.0

To set fs2_open to use the highest setting possible on retail Freespace 2, change the VideocardFs2open to:

VideocardFs2open=OGL -(1024x768)x32 bit

You can set this to pretty much anything you want.

Creating a Start Up Script

In order to use all of the advanced engine features of fs2_open, you'll need to start the executable with a number of command line arguments. Instead of typing them in every time you want to start the game, why not create a script that does it for you?

Create a new file named start_freespace (or whatever you like) in your home directory. Open the file in your editor of choice, and paste the following:

#!/bin/bash
cd /path/to/your/freespace/
./fs2_open_r -spec -glow -mipmap -jpgtga -orbradar -mod Media_VP

Note: You will need to edit this script before it will work properly. The second line must point to the directory where you installed fs2_open. You can also find a more elaborated script example below in the i18n section

The last line starts fs2_open with a number of arguments that turn on extra features. In the example, the game will use specular highlights, glow-mapping, mipmapping, jpg and tga graphic files, the orb radar, and any MediaVPs installed to the /Media_VP directory. You should edit this line to use those features that your system supports.

More information about the available Command Line Arguments can be found at the Command-Line Reference

Once you've edited the file to your heart's content, make it executable:

$ chmod +x start_freespace

You can now type in start_freespace to start the game, or by clicking on start_freespace in your window manager. For convenience, you can copy it to your Desktop.

See this for more command line options.

Troubleshooting

Compile Errors

Novell SuSE and the dependencies

If your SuSE gives you some errors like this, during the compile process, your OpenAL version is too old or corrupted.

sound/ds.cpp: In function 'int ds_init(int, int, unsigned int, short unsigned int)':
sound/ds.cpp:1790: error: invalid conversion from 'const char*' to 'const ALubyte*'
sound/ds.cpp:1790: error:   initializing argument 1 of 'ALboolean alIsExtensionPresent(const ALubyte*)'

You have to remove all OpenAL-packages via YaST, you may also want to remove TORCS, too, it won't run anymore after this. Unfortunately there is no repository with a newer version for this distro, yet, so you have to use a source-package for Fedora. You get it here http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/extras/5/SRPMS/openal-0.0.9-0.6.20060204cvs.fc5.src.rpm The version may change, so you better check this. Now make sure, that TexInfo is installed. Then enter:

$ rpmbuild --rebuild --target=i686 <name-of-your-package>.fc5.src.rpm

If it builds without errors, you will find an OpenAL*.rpm and an OpenAL*-devel.rpm in /usr/src/packages/RPMS/i686/. Install both and go back to your fs_open directory again. Cause the environment has changed now, you better type:

$ make clean
$ ./configure [options]
$ make

Then you're done.

SDL: undefined reference to...

This is a SDL installing issue, since it's trying to link against the static lib and not the dynamic one. First check where /usr/lib/libSDL.so is linked to, then search this very file.

$ ls -l /usr/lib/libSDL.so
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 28 2006-09-06 00:10 /usr/lib/libSDL.so -> /usr/lib/libSDL-1.2.so.0.7.1
$ ls /usr/lib/ | grep libSDL-1.2.so.0.7
libSDL-1.2.so.0.7.2

If they are not the same (like in this case), you just make a new link. Type as root:

# ln -s /usr/lib/libSDL-1.2.so.0.7.2 /usr/lib/libSDL.so

Of course you must change some figures, so it matches on your system.

Missing -lGLU compile error

On some Linux distributions (Slackware for instance), compiling fails because a GL related library doesn't have a link in the /usr/lib directory. If the compile fails because it can't find -lGLU, here are two ways to fix it:

Solution as Root

If you have root access to the system, you can create a link to the library in question with just a little bit of command line magic. Go to a console and enter:

$ ln -s /usr/X11R6/lib/libGLU.so /usr/lib/libGLU.so

After that, you can run make again and it should finish compiling.

Solution as a Non-Root user

You don't have root access? Never fear, we can still fix the problem. It'll just be a tad more difficult.

Navigate to the fs2_open/code directory and locate a file named Makefile (not Makefile.rm or Makefile.in or Makefile.anything). Open it in your favorite text editor and make the following changes.

Find this line (line 457 in mine):

FS2_LDFLAGS =  -L/usr/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib -lSDL -lpthread -lGL -lGLU -lopenal -logg -lvorbis -lvorbisfile

And replace it with this:

FS2_LDFLAGS =  -L/usr/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib -lSDL -lpthread -lGL -lopenal -logg -lvorbis -lvorbisfile -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lGLU 

Also find this one (line 565 in mine):

AM_LDFLAGS =  -g  -L/usr/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib -lSDL -lpthread -lGL -lGLU -lopenal -logg -lvorbis -lvorbisfile

And replace it with this:

AM_LDFLAGS =  -g -L/usr/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib -lSDL -lpthread -lGL -lopenal -logg -lvorbis -lvorbisfile -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lGLU

Then run make from the fs2_open directory, and watch the magic happen.

glBindBufferARB feature missing

If this is the actual solution to this problem remains to be seen.
So far, only people using Debian stable are affected by this.
So we need adventurus Debian users to confirm.
I can confirm that the APT-Pinning works, can not confirm compile thou. -- ni1s

checking for glBindBufferARB in -lGL... no
configure: error: *** OpenGL version does not have the required features!! (ie.glBindBufferARB()) ***

This error appears if the installed Mesa development library is to old.

On Debian stable branch the xlibmesa-gl-dev package holds version 4.3.0.
The xlibmesa-gl-dev package on testning is version 6.9.0.

Possible solution:
First set /etc/apt/sources.list to include the testing branch. Add:

#Testing
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian testing main non-free contrib
deb http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-US testing/non-US main contrib non-free

Your sources.list might have these lines already, if so, you should be okej.

Your /etc/apt/preferences file should look like this

Package: *
Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 700

Package: *
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 650

Package: *
Pin: release a=unstable
Pin-Priority: 600

Add to that file:

Package: xlibmesa-gl-dev
Pin: release a=testing
Pin-Priority: 800

Note that the Pin-Priority of xlibmesa-gl-dev here is higher than the Pin-Priority on 'stable'. As a result of this APT get will prioritize the xlibmesa-gl-dev from testing and leave the rest of the system on stable. This is called apt-pinning.

Now that APT knows what xlibmesa-gl-dev to prioritze, install it again:

$ apt-get install xlibmesa-gl-dev

If you are using nVidia's nvidia-kernel and glx packages, a simple:

$ apt-get install nvidia-glx-dev

should suffice. No need to mess around with APT-pinning.

Runtime Errors & Common Problems

ERROR: "Web cursor bitmap not found."

ERROR: "Web cursor bitmap not found.  This usually means that the executable is being run outside the  directory
you installed Freespace2 to.  Please move the executable to that directory and try again" at  graphics/2d.cpp:1402

A common error. This happens when fs2_open can't find the .vp files or that your user doesn't have the permissions to access them. If you are using a start up script(like the one found here) it's most likly the a permission problem. Have your user take owenership of the .vp files, run as root:

$ chown <user> /path/to/vpfiles/ -R

I18n and Key mapping problems

Me, being a Swede, need to use this aswell, especially for the grave key(`), but I also want to use a second X display. There is a way to tell xmodmap to use the new set of keys on the second X display, and thus eliminating the need for a temp. keymap table as it dies with the second display when exiting fs2_open, never touching the keymap table on display 0. We should dig that info up and write a super-start script. --ni1s

Ok, imagine that like me you don't have an us keyboard but a french one (or anything). Well, you probably have problems mapping some keys or even using the default mapping.

Actually, the problem is fs2_open does not take modifiers into account, as it uses them internally as modifiers for keys, and it won't accept non-us charset either.

On a french keyboard layout, the numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 are on the same keys than on a US layout, but you have to press shift to use them. The primary function for theses keys are & é " ' ( - è _ ç à ). These characters won't be accepted by freespace, and if you press shift to get a number, it won't work. This can be a problem, as theses keys are needed to use the communication system, and cannot be bound to anything. Also, as you won't get access some keys on your keyboard, it will be difficult to map every command on a key, or you'll have to use modifiers for nearly each key.

However, there is a solution. You can tell X to remap the keyboard before launching the game, and restore your normal keymap afterwards.

For exemple, I map 123456790 to &é"'(-è_çà keys so I can use the communication system, and I put , and ; on the Alt-Gr and Menu keys for convenience, as I binded thoses keys to next primary weapon and next secondary weapon.

To do this, I use a slightly enhanced startup script, which I put in ~/bin (this directory is in my path), together with a customized xmodmap.

• First, dump your current xmodmap :

 ~ $ xmodmap -pke > ~/xmodmap.current

• Then edit it with your favorite text editor. You'll see a bunch of lines looking like this :

keycode   8 =
keycode   9 = Escape
keycode  10 = 1 ampersand onesuperior exclamdown onesuperior exclamdown

The syntax is keycode <number> = <symbol list>.

Use xev to scan the keycodes. The symbols are defined in /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h. Just make sure you write them without the XK_ prefix. You'll find more information about xmodmap in the xmodmap manual page.

Just modify the keys you need, and be patient. This can be a long process. Test it with xmodmap :

 ~ $ xmodmap - < <filename>

But don't forget to have your previous keymap at hand to recover your settings ! If you mess everything up, just restart X. Your default keymap will be applied from the X configuration.

Here is my own fs2 xmodmap, derived from fr-latin1 as described above. Feel free to use it if you're too lazy to modify your own. However, it may not fit with your needs. You may always use it as an exemple, thougt.

• http://clement.hermann.free.fr/fs2/xmodmap

Then, when the file is modified at your liking, just save it as ~/.fs2_open/xmodmap

We'll start fs2_open with a slightly more elaborate startup script which will backup/apply/restore the keymap in addition of running the games with some options in the right directory.

#!/bin/sh
# This script lauches fs2. If there is a file named $FS2_modmap (see below), 
# backup the current modmap as $TMP_modmap and load it as the new modmap. 
# The current modmap will be restored afterwards.

TMP_modmap="$HOME/xmodmap.tmp"
FS2_modmap="$HOME/.fs2_open/xmodmap"

FS2_OPEN_DIR=/usr/local/games/fs2_open

FS2_ARGS="-glow -spec -spec_exp 11 -spec_point 0.6 -spec_static 0.8 -spec_tube 0.4 -fps -jpgtga -ambient_factor 75 -targetinfo -nograb"

FS2_BIN="$FS2_OPEN_DIR/fs2_open_r"

die() {
    echo "** Fatal error : $1" >&2
    exit 1
}

cd $FS2_OPEN_DIR || die "Could not change directory to $FS2_OPEN_DIR"

# dump current xmodmap
[ -f "$FS2_modmap" ] && xmodmap -pke > $TMP_modmap

# load xmodmap
[ -f "$FS2_modmap" ] && xmodmap - < $FS2_modmap

# prepare to restore xmodmap on crash or exit
trap "xmodmap - < $TMP_modmap && rm $TMP_modmap" 0 2 3 4 9 11 15

# launch fs2
$FS2_BIN $FS2_ARGS $* || die "Error while running \"$FS2_BIN\" with arguments \"$FS2_ARGS\" ($?)" 

Adapt this script to your needs, and save it somewhere in your PATH - I for exemple use ~/bin/freespace2. Make it executable with chmod +x <file>

That's it, now you can use fs2 with full control over your keyboard.

fs2_open dedicated X display

A good way of running games on Linux is having them run on a separate X display. The display you are most likely using now when reading this is 0:0. This display is normally used for whatever Window Manager/Desktop Environment(KDE,Gnome,*box,E) you've chosen. Sometimes fs2_open freezes and locks your X. This is of course very annoying as you have to CTRL+ALT+BACKSPACE to kill the X server, and in that, killing whatever program you had running besides fs2_open. The solution to this is to tell X to start fs2_open on another display. To to this we first need to tell X that you,the user on localhost, holds the permission to run on another display. In a terminal, enter (NOT as root):

$ xauth list

A list that looks something like this should appear.

myuser@localhost ~ $ xauth list
localhost/unix:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  14ec70e7c8cc835def61a04c92bbd50d

Let's look at that line, first up is your localhost, then unix, and last the display number,:0 (in bold). The rest is not really of interest. Copy the whole line, but change the display value to 1 and paste it after the command xauth add, like this:

$ xauth add localhost/unix:1  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  14ec70e7c8cc835def61a04c92bbd50d

Run xauth list again. You should see a new entry.

myuser@localhost ~ $ xauth list
localhost/unix:0  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  14ec70e7c8cc835def61a04c92bbd50d
localhost/unix:1  MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE-1  14ec70e7c8cc835def61a04c92bbd50d

You now have permission to use display 1:0. To start fs2_open in that display, use xinit.

$ xinit /path/to/fs2_open_r -foo -bar -- :1

The -- :1 tells X that we want to start fs2_open on display 1.
You can switch between display 0 and 1 with CTRL+ALT+F7 and CTRL+ALT+F8 respectively. If someone knows of a good method to start fs2 on a second X display from an xterm without changing Xwrapper.config, please report it here.

A solution might be running xinit as root with sudo, and drop the root privileges in the startup script... Didn't tried, though. -- nodens

xgame / xgame-gtk2 may be of use to achieve this as normal user, see http://xgame.tlhiv.org/ -- Lone_Wolf

The "user not authorized" Error

If you try this from an virtual terminal from within X11 and obtain the error:

X: user not authorized to run the X server, aborting.

It has been reported that on Ubuntu systems, the file /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config contains this line:

allowed_users=console

This setting specifies that the X server(s) can only be started from console(TTY). A possible solution is to change the allowed_users in the Xwrapper.config file to:

allowed_users=anybody

Please note that this undermines X security. See man Xwrapper.config for more details.